• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Applications to reduce skin friction using "vortex generators" are not yet known, and are further discussed in this application. These can be approached commercially as a thin cream consisting of an oil-in-water emulsion containing vortex generators, with the brand name NAQI Aero speed gel ®. More specifically, this application describes a composition consisting of an oil-in-water emulsion containing vortex generators, the diameter of the particles of which is between 250 µm and 1410 µm, and the density of the particles varies between 15% and 30%. Furthermore, the use of this cream is described to achieve a decrease in aerodynamic resistance and consequently an increase in the speed of athletes during the practice of different sports disciplines. An additional technical effect that can be attributed to this application is an improved cooling of the athletes' body within various sports disciplines.
    公开号:BE1026466B1
    申请号:E20185888
    申请日:2018-12-14
    公开日:2020-02-11
    发明作者:Greet Claes；Riet Nikolaas Van
    申请人:Naqi Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Optimization of aerodynamics during competitive sports through the use of micro-vortex generators in a composition
    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    Applications to reduce the aerodynamic air resistance in case of flooding of a body part using 'vortex generators' are not yet known, and are further discussed in this application. These can be approached commercially as a thin cream consisting of an emulsion, a lipogel or a hydrogel containing vortex generators, with the brand name NAQI Aero speed gel ®. More specifically, this application describes a composition consisting of an emulsion, a lipogel or a hydrogel containing vortex generators, the diameter of the particles of which is between 250 μm and 1410 μm, and the density of the particles varies between 15% and 30% .
    Furthermore, the use of this cream is described to achieve a decrease in aerodynamic resistance and consequently an increase in the speed of athletes during the practice of different sports disciplines.
    An additional technical effect that can be attributed to this application is an improved cooling of the athletes' body within various sports disciplines.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    In various sports, including cycling in time trials and triathlon races, a reduction in aerodynamic resistance can be crucial for athletes to have a good time. This aerodynamic resistance consists of two components, namely the air resistance and the skin friction. Known applications to reduce this air resistance and thus improve the speed of athletes, make use of various aids such as special helmets, adapted bicycles and handlebars, and adapted clothing for cyclists.
    Applications to reduce air resistance through the skin using 'vortex generators' are not yet known, and are further discussed in this application. These can be approached commercially as a thin cream consisting of an emulsion, a lipogel or a hydrogel containing vortex particles, with the brand name NAQI Aero speed gel ®. An additional technical effect that can be attributed to this application is an improved cooling of the athletes' body within various sports disciplines.
    A reduced aerodynamic resistance can be crucial for athletes to have a good time in a variety of sports.
    - 2 BE2018 / 5888
    When cycling, the body and the bicycle have to push the air around. This creates a higher pressure before and a lower pressure behind the cyclist. As a result, the air exerts a net force against the body on the bicycle. The cyclist and bicycle form a certain frontal area in relation to the sky. The larger this frontal area, the more air must be moved and the greater the air resistance. That is why cyclists and bicycle producers try to minimize the frontal area as well as possible. Finally, there are aspects such as the smoothness of the clothing, the aerodynamic position and the extent to which the air flows laminar instead of turbulent around the cyclist and the bicycle, which are collected in a dimensionless parameter, the so-called air resistance coefficient or Cd. The formula for aerodynamic air resistance Fdrag (N) on a cyclist is:
    Fdrag (N) = 0.5 Cd A Rho V 2
    With A the frontal area of the cyclist in m 2 , Rho the airtightness in kg / m 3 , V the speed of the cyclist in m / s and Cd the air resistance coefficient.
    The force Pcyciist (Watt) that must be transferred to the bicycle wheels to overcome the total resistance force Fresist (N) with forward speed v is:
    P - p,] ƒ r cyclist r resist v with
    F resist - F gravity + F rolling + F drag
    Fdrag is by far the most dominant force in this comparison and it can be cited as an example that, at a speed of 50 km / h, 90% of the power of a cyclist goes in normal position and under normal circumstances to overcoming air resistance .
    As already mentioned above, known applications to reduce the dimensionless parameter, i.e. the air resistance coefficient Cd from above, and thus increase the speed of athletes, relate to the clothing and equipment of athletes. However, this air resistance can also be influenced by adjusting the coefficient of friction of the air with the skin. A cream applied to limbs exposed to the air could provide a solution for this by influencing the friction with the air.
    An additional known problem with athletes is the regulation of body temperature during exercise. Mainly due to convection, heat radiation and evaporation of sweat, cooling of the human body occurs.
    With a first cooling effect, the temperature can be lowered by evaporation, but if the humidity also increases at the same time, the evaporation rate will slow down. This evaporation rate can be
    - 3 BE2018 / 5888 driven up by directing the formed water vapor away from the body so that the air in contact with the body does not become saturated with water vapor. This situation indicates that a good circulation of the body with air can create extra cooling.
    With a second cooling effect, the temperature of the body can be lowered by convection. Differences in velocity of the air layers around the body provide flow effects, which can vary from laminar to turbulent, and the strength of cooling by convection is directly correlated with the velocity of the air that surrounds the body.
    To optimize both evaporative cooling and convection cooling as described above, a composition that promotes air flow in the direct layers around the body can provide a solution.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    This application describes a composition consisting of an emulsion, a lipogel or a hydrogel containing vortex particles, the diameter of the particles of which is between 250 μm and 1410 μm, and the density of the particles varies between 15% and 30%. Further described is the use of a composition consisting of an emulsion, a lipogel or a hydrogel with vortex particles of an order of magnitude and density as specified above, in order to decrease aerodynamic resistance and, consequently, increase the speed of athletes while practicing. various sports disciplines. Also the use of a cream with a composition as specified above, in order to obtain an optimal regulation of the body temperature of athletes during the practice of sports from different disciplines, is described.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    With specific reference to the figures, it is emphasized that the details shown are for exemplary purposes only and only for the illustrative discussion of the various embodiments of the present invention. They are presented with the aim of providing what is seen as the most useful and straightforward description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show more structural details of the invention than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention. The description in combination with the figures makes it clear to those skilled in the art how the various forms of the invention can be practiced.
    - 4 BE2018 / 5888
    FIG. 1: Above: Different types of airflow from aerodynamics, 1. Ideal flow, 2. Steady flow, 3. Unsteady or oscillating flow, 4. Laminar flow, where boundary layer separation occurs and 5. Turbulent flow.
    Below: Graphic representation of air flow around an object. The following flow layers are located successively around an object, 1. Laminar boundary layer, 2. Transition layer, 3. Laminar or viscous sublayer, 4. Release point, 5. Released boundary layer, 6. Turbulent boundary layer
    FIG. 2: The part of the surface of the body where the boundary layer of the flow has not yet been released shows a good airflow. Any reduction in turbulence behind the body part or abandonment of the vertebral release will provide an advantage in thermodynamic cooling, because a larger part of the surface is flooded (light gray zone).
    FIG. 3: (left) Results of the partial image velocimetry measurement of the cylinder without product, (right) Results of the partial image velocimetry measurement of the cylinder with NAQI® Aero Speed Gel.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    This application describes a composition consisting of an emulsion, a lipogel or a hydrogel with vortex generators, the diameter of the particles of which is between 250 μm and 1410 μm, and the density of the particles varies between 15% and 30%.
    The aerodynamic resistance experienced by athletes and which has a negative influence on their performance consists of two components, namely air resistance and skin friction. Known applications to reduce this air resistance and thus increase the speed of athletes, make use of various aids such as special helmets, adapted bicycles and handlebars, and adapted clothing for cyclists. For example, during the recent Olympic Games in Rio, vortex generators were used on the shirts of athletes, a design by Nike.
    However, applications to reduce aerodynamic air resistance in the event of flooding of a body part by applying vortex generators to the skin, thereby improving athletic performance, are not yet known.
    Vortices can be defined globally as regions in which turbulent flows occur. Vortex generators can thus be defined as particles of a certain size that induce a vortex or turbulent flow. These generators can take various forms, including, for example, one
    - 5 BE2018 / 5888 triangular shape, round shape or a shape similar to the wing of an aircraft. The order of magnitude of these generators depends on the application between 5 and 75% of the thickness of the boundary layer.
    The principle on which the operation of vortex generators is based can be compared to the effect that the wings of the aircraft have on airflow. This air flow around an object can be laminar or turbulent (Fig. 1). A combination is also possible (first a bit of laminar, then turbulent). Laminar flow is characterized in that the air moves around the object in streamlines. These streamlines have a different speed. The molecules directly on the surface will be 'dragged away' by the friction and therefore have no speed relative to the object. As the distance to the object becomes larger, the speed difference with respect to that object also becomes larger until there is no longer a speed difference with respect to undisturbed flow. This is the 'boundary layer'. Turbulent flow is characterized in that the flow is not only along the object, but also across it. Turbulent flow has a higher resistance than laminar flow and the boundary layer is also thicker here (Fig. 1).
    The reason why the boundary layer separates from the surface is that the energy level at the surface becomes so low that ultimately a separation is obtained (Fig. 2). This separation can be avoided if the energy level remains high enough. This requires extra energy input in the boundary layer. Different ways exist to reduce the resistance of an object by changing the boundary layer of an object. The energy present in the fluid outside the boundary layer can, for example, increase by providing another object with a dynamic shape in this flow, whereby a 'rotating' flow towards the boundary layer is created (Fig. 2). Such objects are also called vortex generators and are therefore comparable to aircraft wings. Similar to a wing tip, there is a low pressure zone on one side and a high pressure zone on the other. Outside of this zone, the low and high pressure flow mix into a circulating movement (Fig. 2). By applying vortex generators to the skin, boundary layer separation can be postponed, and in this way the flow layer around the skin can be changed, whereby extra time savings can be achieved during sports.
    Furthermore, a cream with a composition as specified above can be used to achieve optimum temperature regulation of the athletes while practicing sports from different disciplines.
    Cooling of the human body can occur through both convection and evaporation and the strength of the cooling is directly correlated with the speed of the air surrounding the body.
    - 6 BE2018 / 5888
    With a first cooling effect, the temperature can be lowered by evaporation. If the humidity also increases at the same time, the evaporation rate will also slow down. This evaporation rate can be increased by directing the formed water vapor away from the body so that the air in contact with the body never becomes saturated with water vapor. This situation indicates that good circulation of the body can create extra cooling. With a second cooling effect, the temperature of the body can be lowered by convection. When a body part shows a relative speed difference with respect to the ambient air, this air will flood the body part according to the basic aerodynamic laws.
    At very low air speeds, this flood will not be turbulent (Fig. 1). At higher air speeds, the boundary layer, which can be both laminar and turbulent, will come loose from the body part (Fig. 2). This release from the boundary layer, also known as release, then leads to the formation of swirls and vortices. One speaks of turbulent flow behind the body part. This turbulent flow behind the specific part of the body causes recirculation of the air rather than the supply of fresh, new air. In the situation that an ambient temperature is equal to or higher than the body temperature and at the same time there is also a high humidity, this recirculation of air behind the body part will ensure that the saturated air (with water vapor) can be discharged much less well. The part of the surface of the body where the boundary layer of the flow has not yet been 'released' shows a good flood, so that the saturated air can be efficiently discharged. Any reduction in turbulence or the abandonment of 'release' will result in a thermodynamic cooling advantage, because a larger part of the surface is flooded and therefore more water vapor can be discharged (Fig. 2).
    Possibly an application consisting of a cream with vortex generators can positively influence the above cooling effects, since the presence of the particles results in a better air circulation of the body, whereby athletes perceive an extra cooling effect during exercise.
    The examples below describe experiments in which the speed gel was tested on a cylinder surrounded by pig skin, on real cyclists and on a PVC cylinder.
    In a first example, the effect of the speed gel on air velocity and consequently on turbulence is shown by performing a simulation test with a cylinder wrapped in pig skin. In a second example, the tests with the
    - 7 BE2018 / 5888 speed gel performed on a cyclist in time trial position and clothing, on a cyclist with standard clothing for classic road cycling and on a cyclist in a triathlon suit on a triathlon bike. A third example gives the results of measurements with partial image velocimetry whereby the effect of the speed gel on a PVC cylinder in a wind tunnel is visualized.
    EXAMPLE 1
    Experimental part
    As a reference object to simulate a leg or arm, a cylinder with a diameter of 100 mm was chosen. This cylinder was wrapped with pig skin because it strongly resembles human skin. The cylinder with and without NAQI Aero speed gel was subsequently tested in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds.
    To see the effect of air speed on turbulence, it was decided to test at 4 different air speeds, all linked to relevant bicycle speeds. The selected wind tunnel air speeds of 10.4; 11.8; 13.3 and 14.8 m / s correspond to bicycle speeds of 37.5; 42.5; 47.9 and 53.3 km / h. The measured air resistances were converted to Watts.
    Each measurement was repeated 4 times. Twice with a measurement time of 30 seconds and twice with a measurement time of 60 seconds. This is to check the repeatability of the test design. The difference between the 4 measurements was always less than 0.1 N, which indicates that the repeatability was excellent.
    Results
    In Table 2 we can clearly see that all NAQI® Aero Speed Gel prototypes (Run 6 - Run 11) show an improvement compared to the untreated references (Run 1 - Run 5). The vortex generators with the best results were selected for the next test phase with real cyclists.
    Table 2: Results of the measurements to determine general air resistance (in Watts) for a cylinder with and without pig skin.
    Run Configuration Velocity[m / s] Velocity [km / h] Corrected drag [N] Power[W] Time 1 Baseline - placebo - w / o product 10.4 37.5 7.8 80.8 8h37 2 Baseline - placebo - w / o product 10.4 37.5 7.8 80.83 Baseline - placebo - w / o product 10.4 37.5 7.7 79.74 Baseline - placebo - w / o product 10.4 37.5 7.7 79.7
    - 8 BE2018 / 5888
    5 Baseline - placebo - w / o product 10.4 37.5 7.8 80.8 8h51 11.8 42.5 9.7 114.6 13.3 47.9 11.8 156.3 14.8 53.3 13.7 202.76 Emulsion 10.4 37.5 7.5 77.6 09h01 11.8 42.5 9.1 107.4 13.3 47.9 11 146.8 14.8 53.3 13.2 195.27 Emulsion - 0.84mm mini vortextype R20 10.4 37.5 6.6 69.1 9h12 11.8 42.5 8.2 96.5 13.4 47.9 10.1 133.9 14.8 53.3 12.8 189.18 Emulsion - 1.41mm mini vortex type C14 10.4 37.5 6.8 71.2 9h23 11.8 42.5 8.5 100.1 13.3 47.9 10.5 140 14.9 53.3 12.9 191.19 Emulsion - 7.5% R20 & 7.5% C14 10.4 37.5 6.6 69.1 9h35 11.8 42.5 8.3 97.8 13.4 47.9 10.6 140.7 14.9 53.3 13.1 194.110 Emulsion - 15% 2mm mini vortextype of resin 10.4 37.5 7.1 73.4 9h57 11.8 42.5 8.7 102.6 13.4 47.9 10.8 143.3 14.8 53.3 13 192.211 Hydrogel - 7.5% R20 & 7.5% C14 10.4 37.5 6.9 71.2 10h13 11.9 42.5 8.2 97.3 13.4 47.9 10.3 136.6 14.9 53.3 12.4 183.6
    - 9 BE2018 / 5888
    EXAMPLE 2
    Experimental part
    The second test phase was performed on real cyclists. It was decided to perform the tests on a cyclist in time trial position and clothing, on a cyclist with standard clothing for the classic road cycling and on a cyclist in a triathlon suit on a triathlon bike. 5 athletes were chosen as test subjects. It was also decided to test the cream on both arms and legs, depending on the specific clothing and discipline (time trial, track, triathlon). Testing was carried out at 1 single air speed for each test phase. The chosen air velocity was considered relevant to that discipline. The chosen air speed was 13.9 m / s or 50.0 km / h for time trial, 12.4 m / s or 44.64 km / h for track cycling and 10.9 m / s or 39.2 km / h for triathlon.
    Because the position of the cyclist with the different creams and without cream must be exactly the same, the repeatability was checked by taking each measurement twice. The results correlated well within a margin of 1.5 Watt. The position of the cyclist was checked for each meeting and corrected if necessary, by comparing the contour of the position of the reference measurements with the current position. By projecting the comparison of the current position with the reference position for the cyclist, he could quickly and easily adjust his current position to the reference.
    Results
    Without NAQI® Aero Speed Gel the average air resistance was 374.5 Watt in time trial position and with the NAQI® Aero Speed Gel the air resistance was 360.5 Watt. The difference is therefore 14 watts for this speed, which corresponds to around 4%. For a distance of 9 km in a time trial, the use of the NAQI® Aero Speed gel would be 8.4 seconds or 46.6 seconds for a time trial of 50 km. This corresponds to almost 1 second per km. This result was achieved by only rubbing the cyclist's legs with the NAQI® Aero Speed Gel.
    The same tests were performed on a triathlete and a road racer in normal clothing and position. The average air resistance for the triathlete was 235.5 watts. The air resistance with NAQI® Aero Speed gel on the arms / shoulders and legs was 222 Watt. The average air resistance reduction was 13.5 watts. This leads to a time saving of 307 seconds at the iron man distance. Or a reduction of almost 6%. For a road cyclist in the standard racing position and with usual clothing, the basic air resistance was 420.7 watts at 44.6 km / h. With the NAQI® Aero Speed gel on the legs the resistance was reduced to 405.2
    - BE2018 / 5888
    Watt, which leads to a reduction of almost 4%.
    EXAMPLE 3
    Experimental part
    Using partial image velocimetry (PIV) measurements, the effect of the NAQI® Aero Speed gel was visualized on a PVC cylinder in the wind tunnel. Small oil particles make it possible to trace and visualize the flow around an object with this measurement technique. By taking two measurements, once with only the cylinder and a second time with the cylinder on which a layer of Aero Speed gel was applied, the aerodynamic effect of the speed gel can be demonstrated and visualized. For the PIV measurements, a two-dimensional PIV was used so that the particles at the rear of the cylinder cannot be illuminated because they are in the shadow of the cylinder. As a result, reliable measuring points cannot be built up in this area.
    In the PIV measurements, the air flows from left to right at a speed of 14 m / s. This results in a stagnation point on the left side of the cylinder and an unstable low speed zone on the right side of the cylinder.
    Results
    It is clear that the NAQI Aero Speed gel influences the air flow around the cylinder. The greater roughness of the surface of the cylinder with the speed gel leaves the point where the flow is released. This results in a smaller pressure difference between the front and rear part of the cylinder through the use of the speed gel (Fig. 3). A smaller pressure difference means a smaller share of this pressure difference in the total air resistance. Since the pressure difference makes the largest contribution to the full air resistance of a body, it is therefore also reduced.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    CONCLUSIONS
    A composition consisting of an emulsion, a lipogel or a hydrogel containing vortex generators, the diameter of the particles of which may vary between 250 μm and 1410 μm and the density of the particles may be a minimum of 15% and a maximum of 30%.
    [2]
    Use of a composition as described in claim 1 to bring about a decrease in aerodynamic resistance and thus to achieve an increase in the speed of athletes in different sports disciplines.
    [3]
    Use of a composition as described in claim 1 for optimum control of the body temperature of athletes during the practice of sports from different disciplines.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1026466A1|2020-02-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2012177757A2|2011-06-20|2012-12-27|The Procter & Gamble Company|Personal care compositions comprising shaped abrasive particles|
    法律状态:
    2020-04-02| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200211 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    BE201800080|2018-07-11|
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